39,20 €
The aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) test measures liver function and damage.
Lymphocytes (B-Ly, L-Ly%)
The leukocyte differential (B-Diffi) test should be done when the number of leukocytes in the blood is elevated.
Lymphocytes
- Lymphocytes are an important part of the human immune system.
- Lymphocytes specifically identify and destroy pathogens associated with acute infections and chronic inflammation.
- The B-Ly level indicates the lymphocyte count in the blood.
What are lymphocytes?
Lymphocytes are white blood cells. White blood cells are an important part of the human immune system. They protect the body from attacks of bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Bone marrow produces five different types of white blood cells, one of which is the lymphocyte.
Lymphocytes make up an average of 20–30% of all white blood cells. They are involved in the identification and destruction of microorganisms, foreign molecules, and cancer cells, and are especially activated in chronic infections.
How do lymphocytes work in the body?
Lymphocytes are formed in the bone marrow and about 25% of them remain in the bone marrow to mature and become B lymphocytes. The other 75% travel to the mature in the thymus, thus turning into T lymphocytes.
After maturation, the lymphocytes travel in the blood to the secondary lymphatic organs, i.e. the spleen, lymph nodes, and the lymphatic tissues of the body’s mucous membranes in the intestine, tonsils, and adenoids, as well as to the walls of the airways and the urinary tract. There they divide and activate, after which they can participate in specific immune defence.
Specific immunity, or so-called acquired immunity, begins to develop after birth. When the body encounters a new pathogen, information about it is stored in a specialised memory cell.
Each lymphocyte accurately identifies its target and specialises in destroying only these certain types of pathogens. Because of this specialization, there may be thousands of different types of lymphocytes in the body.
B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes work together to fight infection.
What are B lymphocytes?
B lymphocytes maintain immunological memory. Some of the B lymphocytes are converted into special memory cells. They recognise a previously encountered antigen and specialise in plasma cells that produce immunoglobulin, an antibody against the antigen.
What are T lymphocytes?
T lymphocytes are divided into three categories:
- Killer T cells
- Helper T cells
- Suppressor T cells
Killer T cells destroy cells infected with antigens. They can also destroy cancer cells as well as foreign cells, such as transplanted organs.
Helper T cells control the immune response of B cells and other T cells. They produce cytokines, or signaling proteins, that increase the division and differentiation of lymphocytes and enhance phagocytosis.
Suppressor T cells keep the immune system in balance. They make sure that the T-cell response stops when the antigen that caused the immune reaction is destroyed.
What is the B-Ly reference value?
The reference value for lymphocytes in adult men and women is 1.3–3.6 xE9/l. The B-Ly value indicates the number of lymphocytes per litre of blood.
What is the reference value for lymphocytes (L-Ly%)?
The reference value for lymphocytes (L-Ly%) in adult men and women is 20–45%. The L-Ly% value indicates the relative proportion of lymphocytes in all leukocytes.
The B-Ly and L-Ly% values are calculated in connection with the leukocyte differential (B-Diffi) test in a complete blood count. B-Diffi should be done when the number of leukocytes in the blood is elevated.
What is lymphocytopenia (low lymphocyte count)?
Lymphocytopenia, a lower than normal lymphocyte count, is rarely associated with any specific disease. It can be caused by acute or chronic infections or temporary immune deficiency. Common cold, for example, can cause a decrease in lymphocyte levels.
What are the possible causes of lymphocytopenia?
In addition to the common cold, other possible causes of lymphocytopenia include:
- malnutrition
- HIV and AIDS
- influenza
- autoimmune diseases, such as lupus
- some cancers, such as lymphocytic anaemia, lymphoma, and Hodgkin’s disease
- use of steroids
- radiation therapy
- certain medicines, such as chemotherapeutic medicines
- certain hereditary diseases, such as Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and DiGeorge syndrome
As a low lymphocyte count in the blood makes the person susceptible to infections, it should not be ignored.
What is lymphocytosis (high lymphocyte count)?
Lymphocytosis, a higher than normal lymphocyte count, is usually associated with chronic infections. Lymphocyte counts can also be elevated after a recent infection.
What causes lymphocytosis?
Possible causes of lymphocytosis include:
- viral infections such as measles, mumps, and mononucleosis
- adenovirus
- hepatitis
- influenza
- tuberculosis
- toxoplasmosis
- cytomegalovirus
- brucellosis
- vasculitis
- acute lymphocytic leukaemia
- chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
- HIV and AIDS
69,90 €
T4-V, or thyroxine, is a thyroid hormone and its level indicates the activity of the thyroid gland.
Glucose is an indicator of the blood sugar level. Blood sugar affects general well-being and energy levels, muscle and brain function and the feeling of hunger.
40,00 € – 300,00 €
Could a gift for a loved one be about well-being? Through laboratory packages, your loved one will gain knowledge about their own health condition. A Puhti gift card is an excellent gift idea for someone who is interested in taking even better care of their health. The recipient of the gift card must be over 15 years old and have Finnish online banking credentials to place an order on the Puhti online store.
52,90 €
Ferritin is a form of iron absorption and storage. It is a good measure of the body’s iron stores, and low ferritin content is a sign of iron deficiency.
Extensive Puhti laboratory package (men) is a great choice when you want to gain more thorough information about the well-being of your body. The Puhti laboratory package will help you check how your body is doing and make better choices for your health. Several tests are included, such as cholesterol, blood glucose, important vitamins, ferritin and testosterone.
Extensive Puhti laboratory package (women) is a great choice when you want to gain more thorough information about the well-being of your body. The laboratory package will help you check how your body is doing and make better choices for your health. Several tests are included, such as cholesterol, blood glucose, vitamins D and B12, ferritin, and sodium.
35,00 €
Alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) is an indicator of the well-being of the liver and reacts, for example, to long-term alcohol use and fatty liver disease caused by excess weight.
Blood lipid levels are checked when measuring cholesterol. Includes the following tests: total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, non-HDL and Kol/HDL ratio.
99,00 €
Puhti laboratory package includes many different tests that give you a wide range of information on how your body is doing. It includes blood count, cholesterol, blood glucose, vitamin D, ferritin, inflammatory status and tests of the functioning of the thyroid gland, liver and kidneys.
Sex hormone binding globulin is produced in the liver. Its production is regulated by sex and thyroid hormones, insulin and diet. Please note! Any hormonal medication you are using can affect the results when assessing your natural hormonal function.
84,70 €
A more accurate B12-TC2 test (active B12). Vitamin B12 is needed especially for the functioning of the nervous system.
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Article updated:
2 February 2024