39,20 €
The aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) test measures liver function and damage.
Potassium – Deficiency, sources, need and recommended intake
Potassium can be obtained from vegetables, fruits and dairy products.
Potassium
- Potassium affects the metabolism of the heart, muscles, kidneys and central nervous system as well as the transmission of nerve impulses.
- Potassium deficiency can cause the heart to enlarge, reducing cardiac contractility.
- The body does not produce potassium, so it must be obtained from food.
- Endurance athletes, for example, must ensure an adequate intake of potassium.
What is potassium?
Potassium is an essential mineral for the body. Potassium affects the metabolism of the heart, muscles, kidneys and central nervous system as well as the transmission of nerve impulses.
Together with sodium, potassium affects blood pressure and the body’s fluid balance. Sodium and potassium work together and the balance between them is important.
After calcium and phosphorus, potassium is the most common mineral in the body.
There is about 130–170 grams of potassium in the body. Most of this can be found in the intracellular fluid. Only a few per cent is outside the cells in the bloodstream where its concentration is strictly regulated.
The role of potassium in the body
Potassium is a mineral, which means that it is essential for humans. 99% of potassium in the body can be found inside cells. The majority of potassium is in muscle cells, but about 20 per cent is located in red blood cells and in bone and liver cells.
Together with sodium, potassium transports water, sugar and waste through cell walls. In addition, they affect blood pressure and the body’s fluid balance. These functions depend on the balance between sodium and potassium.
Finns consume more sodium than recommended intake as table salt. Excessive salt intake increases blood pressure and causes swelling. Recommendation is to reduce the intake of table salt through nutrition. However, the role of potassium is often forgotten in this process. An imbalance between sodium and potassium is usually the cause of symptoms.
Potassium is also involved in the transmission of nerve impulses and the regulation of muscle contraction.
The nervous system acts as a messenger between the brain and the body. Messages are transmitted as nerve impulses and contribute to regulating heart rate, reflexes and muscle contraction, among other things. Imbalanced potassium level in the body can weaken muscle contraction and is particularly harmful to the heart.
Kidneys regulate the excretion of potassium in urine. A small amount of potassium is also eliminated through stool.
Which foods are good sources of potassium?
Many foods are high in potassium. Potassium can be obtained, for example, from:
- avocados
- bananas
- milk
- white beans
- spinach
- berries
- watermelon
What is the recommendation for potassium intake?
The recommended intake of potassium varies with age. The potassium intake recommendations can be found in the table below.
| Age | g/day |
| 6-11 months | 1,1 |
| 12-23 months | 1,4 |
| 2-5 years | 1,8 |
| 6-9 years | 2,0 |
| boys 10-13 years | 3,3 |
| boys and men 14-75 years (adults) | 3,5 |
| girls 10-13 years | 2,9 |
| girls and women 14-75 years (adults) | 3,1 |
| pregnant and breastfeeding women | 3,1 |
The body regulates the level of potassium in blood
The body does not produce potassium, so it must be obtained from food.
- There is always enough potassium in food and dietary potassium deficiency is not recognised as a condition.
- If you are healthy, high intake of potassium does not raise the level of potassium in the blood above the normal level.
- Correspondingly, unvaried nutrition or diets do not lead to potassium deficiency in the body.
- Potassium supplements should not be used just in case without a good reason.
The amount of potassium obtained from food does not affect the amount of potassium in blood as the body regulates this level. Healthy kidneys effectively regulate the excretion of potassium so that, during low potassium intake, the kidneys deposit potassium in the body and, during higher intake, potassium is excreted in the urine.
However, the blood potassium level must remain within certain limits in order for the body to function normally.
Excessively high or low potassium levels may be a sign of an illness. An excessively high or low blood potassium level is usually caused by a kidney problem or by certain medications. Potassium deficiency can also be a result of excessive sweating, vomiting, diarrhoea or an eating disorder. Heavy use of laxatives or diuretics can also cause potassium deficiency. On the other hand, certain diuretics may also cause high potassium levels.
What are the potential symptoms of potassium deficiency?
Potassium deficiency can cause the heart to enlarge and wear out, reducing cardiac contractility. This condition is called heart failure, which means that the heart is unable to pump enough blood to the brain, other organs and muscles.
Athlete’s potassium intake (sweating and potassium)
Heavy physical activity causes profuse sweating. The body excretes water and minerals with sweat. Sweating is affected by diet, body composition, genes and adapting to the climate during exercise. Therefore, there can be large individual differences between people.
In general, the heavier the physical activity, the more potassium is removed from the body. The role of potassium is to feed the muscles while they contract continuously during exercise. The body excretes potassium through urine and sweat throughout the physical effort. Therefore, there is not enough potassium to regulate blood pressure and transfer nerve impulses.
Low potassium symptoms
Potassium deficiency due to physical activity and sweating may cause:
- muscle cramps
- slow reflexes
- nausea
- rapid heart rate
- vomiting.
Endurance athletes in particular must take care of the adequate intake of potassium due to sweating.
Why is the body’s potassium value examined?
The potassium test makes it possible to examine potential fluid and electrolyte imbalances in the body. Excessively high or low potassium levels may be a sign of illness or caused by a medication.
The level of potassium is checked with a blood test. The test is indicated by the code P-K.
Potassium reference value P-K
The reference value for potassium in adults is 3.3–4.9 mmol/l.
The reference levels may vary depending on the laboratory and the test analysis method. Puhti samples are taken and analysed at the laboratories of Mehiläinen.
High potassium
High potassium levels can be caused by, for example:
- potassium-binding diuretics
- acidosis, i.e. excessive acidity of body fluids
- tissue damage such as burns
- diabetes
- Addison’s disease
Hyperkalemia
Hyperkalemia, high blood potassium, is usually caused by an acute kidney disease. High potassium levels make the heart susceptible to dysfunction and cause muscle weakness.
Low potassium
Low potassium levels can be caused by, for example:
- low potassium intake
- magnesium deficiency
- excessive non-renal excretion of potassium: diarrhoea, vomiting and excessive sweating
Hypokalemia
Hypokalemia, low blood potassium, is usually caused by the use of diuretics. Diuretics increase urine output, resulting in a higher than normal excretion of potassium. Hypokalemia makes the heart susceptible to arrhythmia and causes muscle weakness.
69,90 €
T4-V, or thyroxine, is a thyroid hormone and its level indicates the activity of the thyroid gland.
Glucose is an indicator of the blood sugar level. Blood sugar affects general well-being and energy levels, muscle and brain function and the feeling of hunger.
40,00 € – 300,00 €
Could a gift for a loved one be about well-being? Through laboratory packages, your loved one will gain knowledge about their own health condition. A Puhti gift card is an excellent gift idea for someone who is interested in taking even better care of their health. The recipient of the gift card must be over 15 years old and have Finnish online banking credentials to place an order on the Puhti online store.
52,90 €
Ferritin is a form of iron absorption and storage. It is a good measure of the body’s iron stores, and low ferritin content is a sign of iron deficiency.
Extensive Puhti laboratory package (men) is a great choice when you want to gain more thorough information about the well-being of your body. The Puhti laboratory package will help you check how your body is doing and make better choices for your health. Several tests are included, such as cholesterol, blood glucose, important vitamins, ferritin and testosterone.
Extensive Puhti laboratory package (women) is a great choice when you want to gain more thorough information about the well-being of your body. The laboratory package will help you check how your body is doing and make better choices for your health. Several tests are included, such as cholesterol, blood glucose, vitamins D and B12, ferritin, and sodium.
35,00 €
Alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) is an indicator of the well-being of the liver and reacts, for example, to long-term alcohol use and fatty liver disease caused by excess weight.
Blood lipid levels are checked when measuring cholesterol. Includes the following tests: total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, non-HDL and Kol/HDL ratio.
99,00 €
Puhti laboratory package includes many different tests that give you a wide range of information on how your body is doing. It includes blood count, cholesterol, blood glucose, vitamin D, ferritin, inflammatory status and tests of the functioning of the thyroid gland, liver and kidneys.
Sex hormone binding globulin is produced in the liver. Its production is regulated by sex and thyroid hormones, insulin and diet. Please note! Any hormonal medication you are using can affect the results when assessing your natural hormonal function.
84,70 €
A more accurate B12-TC2 test (active B12). Vitamin B12 is needed especially for the functioning of the nervous system.
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Article updated:
17 April 2024